science-softCon UV/Vis+ Spectra Data Base (UV/Vis+ Photochemistry Database)

Literature Service: Organic Acids / Esters / Amino Acids

Substances: HCOOH, CH3COOH, CH3C(O)OOH, OCHCOOH, CH3CH2COOH, CH3CH2CH2COOH, (CH3)2-CH-COOH, CH2=CHCH2COOH, C4H9COOH, CH(O)COOH, CF3COOH, C2F5COOH, C6H5COOH, C10H12O2, C9H8O4, COOH(CH2)3COOH, COOHCH2COOH, (COOH)2, C6H4(COOH)2, C10H16O3, CH3COCO2H, C4H6O4, HO2CCH(OH)CO2H, HCOOCH3, HCOOC2H5, CH3COOCH3, CH3COOC2H5, C15H21NO6, C4H9(C6H4(OH)COO)

The relevant Spectra Data are available (for registered users) at: Spectra Service

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Please note: In addition, information concerning related publications (e.g. quantum yield studies or photolysis studies) for some of the substances are given. Send us your feedback

Authors Journal/Source Title/Paper

Data Sheet
HCOOH; formic acid; CAS-No.: 64-18-6
S. Nagakura, K. Kaya, H. Tsubomura J. Mol. Spectroscopy, 13, 1-8, (1964) Vacuum ultraviolet absorption spectra and electronic structures of formic acid, acetic acid and ethyl acetate

Iwao Watanabe, Yu Yokoyama, Shigero Ikeda Chem. Phys. Lett., 19, 406-409, (1973) Vibrational structures in the photoelectron spectrum of formic acid

T. L. Ng, S. Bell J. Molecular Spectroscopy, 50, 166-181, (1974) The PI* <--- n transition of formic acid

D.L. Singleton, G. Paraskevopoulos, R.S. Irwin J. Photochem., 37, 209-216, (1987) UV Absorption Cross-Sections of the Monomer and Dimer of Formic Acid (302 K)

M. Suto, X. Wang, L.C. Lee J. Phys. Chem., 92, 3764-3768, (1988) Fluorescence Yields from Photodissociative Excitation of HCOOH, HCOOCH3, and CH3COOH in the Vacuum-Ultraviolet Region

D. L. Singleton, G. Paraskevopoulos, R. S. Irwin J. Phys. Chem., 94, 695-699, (1990) Laser photolysis of carboxylic acids in the gas phase: direct determination of the hydroxyl quantum yield at 222 nm

M. Schwell, F. Dulieu, H.-W. Jochims, J.-H. Fillion, J.-L. Lemaire, H. Baumgärtel, S. Leach J. Phys. Chem. A, 106, 10908-10918, (2002) Photophysical Studies of Formic Acid in the Vacuum UV: Fragmentation, Fluorescence, and Ionization in the 6-23 eV Photon Energy Range

S. Leach, M. Schwell, F. Dulieu, J.-L. Chotin, H.-W. Jochims, H. Baumgärtel Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys., 4, 5025-5039, (2002) Photophysical Studies of Formic Acid in the VUV : Absorption spectrum in the 6 - 22 eV region

E. M. S. Maçôas, J. Lundella, M. Petterssona, L. Khriachtcheva, R. Faustob, M. Räsänen J. Molecular Spectroscopy, 219, 70-80, (2003) Vibrational spectroscopy of cis- and trans-formic acid in solid argon

S. Leach, M. Schwell, D. Talbi, G. Berthier, K. Hottmann, H.-W. Jochims, H. Baumgärtel Chem. Phys., 286, 15-43, (2003) He I photoelectron spectroscopy of four isotopologues of formic acid: HCOOH, HCOOD, DCOOH and DCOOD

K. Li, M.I. Stefan, J.C. Crittenden Environ. Sci. Technol., 38 (24), 6685-6693, (2004) UV Photolysis of Trichloroethylene: Product Study and Kinetic Modeling

related data (e.g. quantum yield studies; photolysis studies, etc.)
G.E. Adams, E.J. Hart J. Am. Chem. Soc., 84, 3994 - 3999, (1962) Radiolysis and photolysis of aqueous formic acid. Carbon monoxide formation

P. Vujkovic Cvijin, D. A. Gilmore, G. H. Atkinson Appl. Spectrosc., 42, 770-774, (1988) Determination of Gaseous Formic Acid and Acetic Acid by Pulsed Ultraviolet Photoacoustic Spectroscopy

F. Ioannoni, D.C. Moule, D.J. Clouthier J. Phys. Chem., 94, 2290-2294, (1990) Laser spectroscopic and quantum chemical studies of the lowest excited states of formic acid

R. S. Irwin, D. L. Singleton, G. Paraskevopoulos, R. McLaren Int. J. Chem. Kinetics, 26, 219-225, (1993) Photochemistry of formic acid monomer at 222 nm

S. R. Langford, A. D. Batten, M. Kono, M. N. R. Ashfold J. Chem. Soc., Faraday Trans., 93(21), 3757-3764, (1997) Near-UV photodissociation dynamics of formic acid

Seung Keun Shin, Eui Joong Han, Hong Lae Kim J. Photochem. Photobiol. A: Chemistry, 118, 71-74, (1998) Photodissociation dynamics of formic acid at 193 nm

Keon Woo Lee, Kyoung-Seok Lee, Kyung-Hoon Jung, Hans-Robert Volpp J. Chem. Phys., 117, 9266-9274, (2002) The 212.8-nm photodissociation of formic acid: Degenerate four-wave mixing spectroscopy of the nascent OH(X2 Pi…) radicals

CH3COOH; acetic acid; CAS-No.: 64-19-7
S. Nagakura, K. Kaya, H. Tsubomura J. Mol. Spectrosc., 13, 1-8, (1964) Vacuum ultraviolet absorption spectra and electronic structures of formic acid, acetic acid and ethyl acetate

D. L. Singleton, G. Paraskevopoulos, R. S. Irwin J. Phys. Chem., 94, 695-699, (1990) Laser photolysis of carboxylic acids in the gas phase: direct determination of the hydroxyl quantum yield at 222 nm

P. E. Hintze, S. Aloisio, V. Vaida Chem. Phys. Lett., 343, 159-165, (2001) Electronic spectroscopy of organic acid dimers

J.J. Orlando, G.S. Tyndall J. Photochem. Photobiol. A: Chem. 157, 161-166, (2003) Gas phase UV absorption spectra for peracetic acid, and for acetic acid monomers and dimers

P. Limão-Vieira, A. Giuliani, J. Delwiche, R. Parafita, R. Mota, D. Duflot, J.-P. Flament, E. Drage, P. Cahillane, N.J. Mason, S.V. Hoffmann, M.-J. Hubin-Franskin Chem. Phys. 324, 339-349 (2006) Acetic acid electronic state spectroscopy by high-resolution vacuum ultraviolet photo-absorption, electron impact, He(I) photoelectron spectroscopy and ab initio calculations

S. Leach, M. Schwell, S. Un, H.-W. Jochims, H. Baumgaertel Chemical Physics 321, 159–170, (2006) VUV absorption spectrum of acetic acid between 6 and 20 eV

related data (e.g. quantum yield studies; photolysis studies, etc.)
P. Vujkovic Cvijin, D. A. Gilmore, G. H. Atkinson Appl. Spectrosc., 42, 770-774, (1988) Determination of Gaseous Formic Acid and Acetic Acid by Pulsed Ultraviolet Photoacoustic Spectroscopy

S. S. Hunnicutt, L. D. Waits, J. A. Guest J. Phys. Chem., 93, 5188-5195, (1989) Energetic constraints in the 218 nm photolysis of acetic acid

S.S. Hunnicutt, L.D. Waits, J.A. Guest J. Phys. Chem., 95 (2), 562-570, (1991) 1(N,.pi.*)-Photochemistry of acetic acid at 200 nm: further evidence for an exit channel barrier and reaction selectivity

Additional acetic acid spectra are available via our Spectra Service
CH3C(O)OOH; peracetic acid; CAS-No.: 79-21-0
J.J. Orlando, G.S. Tyndall J. Photochem. Photobiol. A: Chemistry, 157, 2-3, 161-166, (2003) Gas phase UV absorption spectra for peracetic acid, and for acetic acid monomers and dimers (248 K, 298 K)

OCHCOOH; C2H2O3; glyoxalic acid; CAS-No.: 298-12-4
K. Li, M.I. Stefan, J.C. Crittenden Environ. Sci. Technol., 38 (24), 6685-6693, (2004) UV Photolysis of Trichloroethylene: Product Study and Kinetic Modeling

CH3CH2COOH; propionic acid; CAS-No.: 79-09-4
D. L. Singleton, G. Paraskevopoulos, R. S. Irwin J. Phys. Chem., 94, 695-699, (1990) Laser photolysis of carboxylic acids in the gas phase: direct determination of the hydroxyl quantum yield at 222 nm

P.E. Hintze, S. Aloisio, V. Vaida Chem. Phys. Lett., 343, 159-165, (2001) Electronic spectroscopy of organic acid dimers

A. Vicente, R. Antunes, D. Almeida, I. J. A. Franco, S. V. Hoffmann, N. J. Mason, S. Eden, D. Duflot, S. Canneaux, J. Delwiche, M.-J. Hubin-Franskin, P. Limão-Vieira Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys., 11, 5729-5741, (2009) Photoabsorption measurements and theoretical calculations of the electronic state spectroscopy of propionic, butyric, and valeric acids

CH3CH2CH2COOH; butyric acid; CAS-No.: 107-92-6
P.E. Hintze, S. Aloisio, V. Vaida Chem. Phys. Lett., 343, 159-165, (2001) Electronic spectroscopy of organic acid dimers

A. Vicente, R. Antunes, D. Almeida, I. J. A. Franco, S. V. Hoffmann, N. J. Mason, S. Eden, D. Duflot, S. Canneaux, J. Delwiche, M.-J. Hubin-Franskin, P. Limão-Vieira Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys., 11, 5729-5741, (2009) Photoabsorption measurements and theoretical calculations of the electronic state spectroscopy of propionic, butyric, and valeric acids

(CH3)2-CH-COOH; isobutyric acid; CAS-No.: 79-31-2
P.E. Hintze, S. Aloisio, V. Vaida Chem. Phys. Lett., 343, 159-165, (2001) Electronic spectroscopy of organic acid dimers

CH2=CHCH2COOH; vinylacetic acid; 3-butenoic acid; CAS-No.: 625-38-7
M. E. Dunn, G. C. Shields, K. Takahashi, R. T. Skodje, V. Vaida J. Phys. Chem. A, 112 (41), 10226-10235, (2008) Experimental and Theoretical Study of the OH Vibrational Spectra and Overtone Chemistry of Gas-Phase Vinylacetic Acid

C4H9COOH; valeric acid; CAS-No.: 109-52-4
A. Vicente, R. Antunes, D. Almeida, I. J. A. Franco, S. V. Hoffmann, N. J. Mason, S. Eden, D. Duflot, S. Canneaux, J. Delwiche, M.-J. Hubin-Franskin, P. Limão-Vieira Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys., 11, 5729-5741, (2009) Photoabsorption measurements and theoretical calculations of the electronic state spectroscopy of propionic, butyric, and valeric acids

CH(O)COOH; glyoxylic acid; CAS-No.: 563-96-2
R.A. Back, S. Yamamoto Can. J. Chem., 63, 542-548, (1985) The gas-phase photochemistry and thermal decomposition of glyoxylic acid; (355 K)

CF3COOH; trifluoroacetic acid; CAS-No.: 76-05-1
O.V. Rattigan, O. Wild, R.L. Jones, R.A. Cox J. Photochem. Photobiol. A: Chem., 73, 1-9 (1993) Temperature-dependent absorption cross-sections of CF3COCl, CF3COF, CH3COF, CCl3CHO and CF3COOH

L.M. Reynard, D.J. Donaldson J. Phys. Chem. A, 106 (37), 8651-8657, (2002) Overtone-Induced Chemistry of Trifluoroacetic Acid: An Experimental and Theoretical Study

C2F5COOH; pentafluoropropionic acid; CAS-No.: 422-64-0
N. Rontu, V. Vaida J. Molecular Spectroscopy, 237, 19-26, (2006) Vibrational spectroscopy of perfluoropropionic acid in the region between 1000 and 11000 cm-1

N. Rontu, V. Vaida J. Phys. Chem. B, 112 (2), 276–282, (2008) Vibrational Spectroscopy of Perfluorocarboxylic Acids from the Infrared to the Visible Regions

C6H5COOH; benzoic acid; CAS-No.: 65-85-0
W.F. Forbes, W.A. Mueller, A.S. Ralph, J.F. Templeton Can. J. Chemistry, 35, 1049-1059, (1957) Light absorption studies part VIII. The secondary band of acetophenones and benzoic acids in ultraviolet spectra

Haruo Hosoya, Jiro Tanaka, Saburo Nagakura  J. Molecular Spectroscopy, 8, 257-275, (1962) Ultraviolet absorption spectra of monomer and dimer of benzoic acid

C.E. Lund Myhre, C. J. Nielsen Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 4, 1759-1769, (2004) Optical properties in the UV and visible spectral region of organic acids relevant to tropospheric aerosols (293 K, 0.06 weight percent)

C.E. Lund Myhre, C. J. Nielsen Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 4, 1759-1769, (2004) Optical properties in the UV and visible spectral region of organic acids relevant to tropospheric aerosols (293 K, 0.1 weight percent)

related data (e.g. quantum yield studies; photolysis studies, etc.)
Francis Chau, Cyril Gibbons, Donald Barton Can. J. Chem., 50(13): 2017–2021 (1972) The Photolysis of Benzoic Acid in the Vapor Phase

C10H12O2; 2, 4, 6-trimethyl benzoic acid; CAS-No.: 480-63-7
D.W. Beistel, E.R. Atkinson, S. Safavi J. Molecular Spectroscopy, 5, 174-179, (1967) The ultraviolet absorption spectrum of 2, 4, 6-trimethylbenzoic acid in 100 per cent sulfuric acid

C9H8O4; acetylsalicylic acid; benzoic acid, 2-(acetyloxy)-; CAS-No.: 50-78-2
M.O. Iwunze Analytical Letters, 41 (16), 2944-2953, (2008) Absorptiometric Determination of Acetylsalicylic Acid in Aqueous Ethanolic Solution

COOH(CH2)3COOH; glutaric acid; CAS-No.: 110-94-1
C.E. Lund Myhre, C. J. Nielsen Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 4, 1759-1769, ( 2004) Optical properties in the UV and visible spectral region of organic acids relevant to tropospheric aerosols (293 K, 0.1 weight percent)

C.E. Lund Myhre, C. J. Nielsen Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 4, 1759-1769, ( 2004) Optical properties in the UV and visible spectral region of organic acids relevant to tropospheric aerosols (293 K, 1.0 weight percent)

C.E. Lund Myhre, C. J. Nielsen Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 4, 1759-1769, ( 2004) Optical properties in the UV and visible spectral region of organic acids relevant to tropospheric aerosols (293 K, 5.0 weight percent)

C.E. Lund Myhre, C. J. Nielsen Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 4, 1759-1769, ( 2004) Optical properties in the UV and visible spectral region of organic acids relevant to tropospheric aerosols (293 K, 24.8 weight percent)

C.E. Lund Myhre, C. J. Nielsen Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 4, 1759-1769, ( 2004) Optical properties in the UV and visible spectral region of organic acids relevant to tropospheric aerosols (293 K, 50.0 weight percent)

COOHCH2COOH; malonic acid; CAS-No.: 141-82-2
C.E. Lund Myhre, C. J. Nielsen Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 4, 1759-1769, ( 2004) Optical properties in the UV and visible spectral region of organic acids relevant to tropospheric aerosols (293 K, 0.1 weight percent)

C.E. Lund Myhre, C. J. Nielsen Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 4, 1759-1769, ( 2004) Optical properties in the UV and visible spectral region of organic acids relevant to tropospheric aerosols (293 K, 1.0 weight percent)

C.E. Lund Myhre, C. J. Nielsen Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 4, 1759-1769, ( 2004) Optical properties in the UV and visible spectral region of organic acids relevant to tropospheric aerosols (293 K, 10.0 weight percent)

C.E. Lund Myhre, C. J. Nielsen Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 4, 1759-1769, ( 2004) Optical properties in the UV and visible spectral region of organic acids relevant to tropospheric aerosols (293 K, 25.0 weight percent)

C.E. Lund Myhre, C. J. Nielsen Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 4, 1759-1769, ( 2004) Optical properties in the UV and visible spectral region of organic acids relevant to tropospheric aerosols (293 K, 60.0 weight percent)

(COOH)2; oxalic acid; CAS-No.: 144-62-7
R.A. Back Can. J. Chem., 62, 1414-1428, (1984) The ultraviolet absorption spectrum of oxalic acid vapor

S. Yamamoto, R.A. Back J. Phys. Chem., 89, 622-625, (1985) The Gas-Phase Photochemistry of Oxalic Acid

C.E. Lund Myhre, C. J. Nielsen Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 4, 1759-1769, ( 2004) Optical properties in the UV and visible spectral region of organic acids relevant to tropospheric aerosols (293 K, 0.1 weight percent)

C.E. Lund Myhre, C. J. Nielsen Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 4, 1759-1769, ( 2004) Optical properties in the UV and visible spectral region of organic acids relevant to tropospheric aerosols (293 K, 1.0 weight percent)

C.E. Lund Myhre, C. J. Nielsen Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 4, 1759-1769, ( 2004) Optical properties in the UV and visible spectral region of organic acids relevant to tropospheric aerosols(293 K, 5.0 weight percent)

K. Li, M.I. Stefan, J.C. Crittenden Environ. Sci. Technol., 38 (24), 6685-6693, (2004) UV Photolysis of Trichloroethylene: Product Study and Kinetic Modeling

C6H4(COOH)2; phthalic acid; CAS-No.: 88-99-3
C.E. Lund Myhre, C. J. Nielsen Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 4, 1759-1769, ( 2004) Optical properties in the UV and visible spectral region of organic acids relevant to tropospheric aerosols (293 K, 0.07 weight percent)

C10H16O3; pinonic acid; CAS-No.: 61826-55-9
C.E. Lund Myhre, C. J. Nielsen Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 4, 1759-1769, ( 2004) Optical properties in the UV and visible spectral region of organic acids relevant to tropospheric aerosols (293 K, 0.15 weight percent)

CH3COCO2H; pyruvic acid; CAS-No.: 127-17-3
S. Yamamoto, R.A. Back Can. J. Chem., 63, 549-554, (1985) The photolysis and thermal decomposition of pyruvic acid in the gas phase

A. Horowitz, R. Meller, G.K. Moortgat J. Photochem. Photobiol. A: Chem., 146, 19-27, (2001) The UV-VIS absorption cross sections of the alpha-dicarbonyl compounds: pyruvic acid, biacetyl and glyoxal

A. Mellouki, Y. Mu J. Photochem. Photobiol. A: Chem., 157, 295-300, (2003) On the atmospheric degradation of pyruvic acid in the gas phase

C.E. Lund Myhre, C. J. Nielsen Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 4, 1759-1769, ( 2004) Optical properties in the UV and visible spectral region of organic acids relevant to tropospheric aerosols (293 K, 0.1 weight percent)

C.E. Lund Myhre, C. J. Nielsen Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 4, 1759-1769, ( 2004) Optical properties in the UV and visible spectral region of organic acids relevant to tropospheric aerosols (293 K, 1.0 weight percent)

C.E. Lund Myhre, C. J. Nielsen Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 4, 1759-1769, ( 2004) Optical properties in the UV and visible spectral region of organic acids relevant to tropospheric aerosols (293 K, 5.0 weight percent)

related data (e.g. quantum yield studies; photolysis studies, etc.)
G. F. Vesley, P. A. Leermakers J. Phys. Chem., 68, 2364-2366, (1964) The Photochemistry of alpha-Keto Acids and alpha-Keto Esters. III. Photolysis of Pyruvic Acid in the Vapor Phase

M.G.M. Berges, P. Warneck Ber. Bunsenges. Phys. Chem., 96 (3), 413-416, (1992) Product quantum yields for the 350 nm photodecomposition of pyruvic acid in air

S. Dhanya, D. K. Maity, H. P. Upadhyaya, A. Kumar, P. D. Naik, R. D. Saini J. Chem. Phys., 118, 10093, (2003) Dynamics of OH formation in photodissociation of pyruvic acid at 193 nm

M.I. Guzman, M.R. Hoffmann, A.J. Colussi J. Geophys. Res., 112, D10123, (2007) Photolysis of pyruvic acid in ice: Possible relevance to CO and CO2 ice core record anomalies

K. Takahashi, K. L. Plath, R. T. Skodje, V. Vaida J. Phys. Chem. A, 112 (32), 7321-7331, (2008) Dynamics of Vibrational Overtone Excited Pyruvic Acid in the Gas Phase: Line Broadening through Hydrogen-Atom Chattering

C4H6O4; succinic acid; CAS-No.: 110-15-6
C.E. Lund Myhre, C. J. Nielsen Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 4, 1759-1769, ( 2004) Optical properties in the UV and visible spectral region of organic acids relevant to tropospheric aerosols (293 K, 0.1 weight percent)

C.E. Lund Myhre, C. J. Nielsen Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 4, 1759-1769, ( 2004) Optical properties in the UV and visible spectral region of organic acids relevant to tropospheric aerosols (293 K, 1.0 weight percent)

C.E. Lund Myhre, C. J. Nielsen Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 4, 1759-1769, ( 2004) Optical properties in the UV and visible spectral region of organic acids relevant to tropospheric aerosols (293 K, 8.0 weight percent)

HO2CCH(OH)CO2H;  tartronic acid; CAS-No.: 80-69-3
C.E. Lund Myhre, C. J. Nielsen Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 4, 1759-1769, ( 2004) Optical properties in the UV and visible spectral region of organic acids relevant to tropospheric aerosols (293 K, 0.01 weight percent)

C.E. Lund Myhre, C. J. Nielsen Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 4, 1759-1769, ( 2004) Optical properties in the UV and visible spectral region of organic acids relevant to tropospheric aerosols (293 K, 1.0 weight percent)

HCOOCH3; methyl formate; formic acid methyl ester; CAS-No.: 107-31-3
B. Benayada, Daddi Oubekka Leila Desalination, 126, (1999), 83-86 UV absorption cross sections for acetates 

M. Suto, X. Wang, L.C. Lee J. Phys. Chem., 92, 3764-3768, (1988) Fluorescence Yields from Photodissociative Excitation of HCOOH, HCOOCH3, and CH3COOH in the Vacuum-Ultraviolet Region

HCOOC2H5; ethyl formate; formic acid ethyl ester; CAS-No.: 109-94-4
B. Benayada, Daddi Oubekka Leila Desalination, 126, 83-86, (1999) UV absorption cross sections for acetates 

CH3COOCH3; methyl acetate; acetic acid methyl ester; CAS-No.: 79-20-9
B. Benayada, Daddi Oubekka Leila Desalination, 126, (1999), 83-86 UV absorption cross sections for acetates 

CH3COOC2H5; ethyl acetate; acetic acid ethyl ester; CAS-No.: 141-78-6
S. Nagakura, K. Kaya, H. Tsubomura J. Mol. Spectroscopy, 13, 1-8, (1964) Vacuum ultraviolet absorption spectra and electronic structures of formic acid, acetic acid and ethyl acetate

B. Benayada, Daddi Oubekka Leila Desalination, 126, 83-86, (1999) UV absorption cross sections for acetates

C15H21NO6; domoic acid; CAS-No.: 14277-97-5
M. Falk, J.A. Walter, P.W. Wiseman Can. J. Chem., 67, 1421-1425, (1989) Ultraviolet spectrum of domoic acid

C4H9(C6H4(OH)COO); butylparaben; butyl 4-hydroxybenzoate; CAS-No.: 94-26-8
related data (e.g. quantum yield studies; photolysis studies, etc.)
D. Bledzka, D. Gryglik, J. S. Miller J. Photochem. Photobiol. A: Chem., 203, 131-136, (2009) Photodegradation of butylparaben in aqueous solutions by 254 nm irradiation

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